table of contents show 1 unit 1: what’s with all of the greek and latin words? 2 unit 2: tissues and cell transport 3 unit 3: how hormones regulate homeostasis 4 unit 4: metabolism unit 1: what’s with all of the greek and latin words? unit 2: tissues and cell transport unit 3: how hormones regulate homeostasis unit 4: metabolism 3 The Digestive System Practice Quiz 1 / 28 Humans are unable to chemical digest plant fiber. This is because It is poisonous Humans only have one stomach Humans lack the necessary enzymes Humans are unable to mechanically digest fiber Fiber is inorganic; therefore cannot be digested We can only chemically digest molecules for which we have an enzyme. Diet sodas calorie the sweater aspartame because we cannot chemically digest it; therefore, we cannot extract energy. This is why diet sodas have zero calories. 2 / 28 The lungs consist of many small air sacs and blood vessels, which greatly increase surface area and improve the transfer of substances through their walls. The structures in the digestive system similar in function to these air sacs and capillaries are the villi and microvilli goblet cells gastric glands colon and rectum cilia Sorry. This is not the correct answer. - Sad Alpaca Yeah!!!!!!! You got this question right. - Happy Emu The villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine 600 fold to about 2700 square feet. You need all of this surface area so you can digest and absorb enough food to maintain homeostasis. 3 / 28 Alcohol destroys the liver. You are treating an alcoholic. Which type of food would you recommend them to limit in their diet? Simple sugars Starches Proteins Lipids The liver makes bile. A damaged liver will make less bile; therefore, there will be less emulsification of large fat droplets into small fat droplets. Lipase can only react with small fat droplets; therefore, no bile = little to no lipid digestion. 4 / 28 The enzyme pepsin digests protein here. A B C D E The stomach secretes the inactive enzyme pepsinogen, which transforms into the active enzyme pepsin when HCl is present. Protein digestion begins in the stomach. 5 / 28 In which organ does the process in the picture below begin? Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Peristalsis begins in the esophagus and ends at the rectum. 6 / 28 Where within the digestive tract does this process happen? Large intestine Small intestine Stomach Mouth Chief cells in the stomach secrete the inactive enzyme pepsinogen. Pepsinogen converts to pepsin in the acidic environment of the stomach. 7 / 28 How are bile and teeth similar in function? They both mechanically digest food into smaller pieces. They both chemically digest food into smaller molecules. They both mechanically and chemically digest food into smaller particles. They don’t have a similar function. Bile chemically digests food and teeth mechanically digest food. 8 / 28 Where within the digestive tract would you find these structures. Mark all that apply. Duodenum Jejunum Mouth stomach Ilium Villi and microvilli dramatically increase the surface area of the small intestine. 9 / 28 The digestion of which of the following food molecules (macromolecules) would not occur or be limited if the pancreas was damaged? Proteins Lipids Carbohydrates All of these The pancreas makes and secretes the majority of enzymes that digest lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. 10 / 28 One of the major functions of the large intestine is to secrete digestive enzymes. absorb water from the undigested food (chyme). regulate the release of bile. store bile. defecate (poop, dodo, #2) 11 / 28 The data table shows the results of lipid digestion. Stomach Pancreas Duodenum Jejunum and ilium Large intestine The chemical and mechanical digestion of lipids happens only in the duodenum of the small intestine. 12 / 28 A mutation occurs in the gene for amylase that hinders its function. This will affect the chemical digestion of starch Proteins Glucose Lipids Fiber The pancreas and salivary glands secrete amylase; however, amylase digests starch in the mouth and duodenum. 13 / 28 Where the majority of villi and microvilli are found. A B C D E The villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine for maximum digestion and absorption of food. 14 / 28 Makes bile (and where Waldo can be found) A B C D E 15 / 28 What process is this? Catabolism Anabolism Digestion Anabolism, or polymerization, is the process in which smaller molecules (monomers) form bonds to make larger molecules (polymers). 16 / 28 Pancreatic juice contains bicarbonate ions which Lower the pH of the gastric chyme Increase the pH of the gastric chyme Mechanically digest the gastric chyme Chemically digest the gastric chyme Bicarbonate ions are alkaline in nature; therefore, they raise the pH of solutions. The gastric chyme (pH2) is too acidic for digestion in the duodenum. The addition of bicarbonate ions increases the pH of the chyme to 6.5. 17 / 28 Which reaction in the figure is showing catabolism? Reaction A Reaction B Catabolism is the process a larger molecule breaks into smaller molecules. Digestion is a type of catabolism. 18 / 28 In humans, most food monomers are absorbed through the walls of the stomach pancreas duodenum jejunum and ilium large intestine 19 / 28 The data table shows the results of lipid digestion. Test tube A Test tube B Test tube C Test tube D Test tube E Bile mechanically digests lipids into small droplets. Lipase chemically digests the small lipid droplets into fatty acids. 20 / 28 Bacteria make vitamin K here. A B C D E The large intestine is home to most of the gut biome. The gut biome comprises of bacteria that make essential chemicals such as vitamin K (blood clotting). 21 / 28 Chemical digestion begins in the Mouth Stomach Duodenum Jejunum and ilium Large intestine Amylase begins the digestion of starch in the oral cavity (mouth). Lipase chemically digests lipids and bile mechanically digests them.Trypsin and pepsin chemically digest proteins.Amylase chemically digests starch. 22 / 28 If the substrate before Reaction B starts is a lipid and the substrates after the reaction are fatty acids, what is the name of the enzyme? Amylase Trypsin Pepsin Lipase Bile 23 / 28 This process could be involved in Chemical digestion of strach Mechanical digestion of starch Building collagen Peristalsis The figure shows anabolism, which builds molecules, like collagen. Digestion breaks molecules apart (catabolism). 24 / 28 What process is this? Peristalsis Mastication (chewing) Stomach Small Intestine Large Intestine Peristalsis is the primary mechanism that propels food through the GI tract. 25 / 28 Which of the following organs makes most of the digestive enzymes? Pancreas Stomach Salivary Glands Small intestine Liver The pancreas makes most of the digestive enzymes that can catabolize fats, proteins, and carbs. 26 / 28 In humans, the majority of digestion occurs in the stomach pancreas duodenum jejunum and ilium large intestine The duodenum is the proximal portion of the small intestine where most chemical digestion happens. The gallbladder secretes bile into the duodenum, which emulsifies (mechanical digestion) large fat droplets into small fat droplets. The pancreas secretes a slurry of digestive enzyme that chemically digest carbs, proteins, and lipids. 27 / 28 Which of the following shows the correct path food takes through the gastrointestinal tract? Mouth, pharynx, stomach, esophagus, small intestine, large intestine, rectum Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum Mouth, esophagus, pharynx, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum Mouth, esophagus, stomach, pharynx, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus 28 / 28 Where the internal and external anal sphincter muscles are present A B C D E Your score isThe average score is 58% 0% Restart quiz